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Celebrating life in mountains

Happy World Mountain Day!

GRID-Arendal
By GRID-Arendal

Every year on the 11th of December, World Mountain Day is celebrated around the world to promote awareness about, you guessed it, mountains and the people and animals who live on them!

This year’s theme is Mountain Biodiversity, which is surprisingly rich. Half of the world’s biodiversity hotspots are located in highland or mountain regions. At GRID-Arendal, we have two fascinating projects focusing on mountain biodiversity at the moment.

Climate smart villages in Nepal, near Dhulikhel. Tina Schoolmeester, GRID-Arendal.

Climate smart villages in Nepal, near Dhulikhel. Tina Schoolmeester, GRID-Arendal.

Today we are launching three short information briefs as part of the Vanishing Treasures project, led by the UN Environment Programme and funded by the Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. These briefs focus on three iconic, flagship mountain species – the mountain gorilla, snow leopard, and Royal Bengal tiger – and how they are being affected by climate change. The three species are all listed as endangered, and action is required to ensure their future existence.

A photo in this story
A photo in this story
A photo in this story

We’ve been working tirelessly with our partners in three mountain regions where these animals live – the Virunga mountains in Rwanda and Uganda, Central Asia (Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan), and Bhutan – over the last few months to gather existing knowledge about the impacts of climate change on these species.

In most cases, the knowledge about impacts of climate change is still in its infancy and a lot of work needs to be done. Much of the impact of climate change on species is due to human activity. The fate of these mountain species – like all of biodiversity on Earth – is now inextricably linked to how we as humans manage our actions. As humans, we are responding to changes in our climate, and our actions have clear and direct knock-on effects for these species.

A team from the Bhutan Tiger Center assesses grazing ground and grassland overtaken by shrubs and trees. Photo: Bhutan Tiger Center, April 2020.

A team from the Bhutan Tiger Center assesses grazing ground and grassland overtaken by shrubs and trees. Photo: Bhutan Tiger Center, April 2020.

A photo in this story
Tshering Tempa and his team from the Bhutan Tiger Center hide cameras along tiger paths. Bhutan Tiger Center, April 2020.

Tshering Tempa and his team from the Bhutan Tiger Center hide cameras along tiger paths. Bhutan Tiger Center, April 2020.

Setting up cameras to observe tigers. Photo: Bhutan Tiger Center, April 2020.

We’ve attempted to define how these species are linked to climate change through a series of diagrams, one of which you can see below. These were the product of a lot of debate and discussion among the Vanishing Treasures team, but hopefully shed light on some of the many important linkages between our changing climate and these species.

A photo in this story

The good news is that we already know of many solutions that could protect these mountain species, and the plan for the Vanishing Treasures programme is to test these in the coming years.

A photo in this story
A photo in this story
Images from camera traps are essential to study tigers’ movement patterns, population, and behaviour. Photographs: Bhutan Tiger Center, 2019.

We're also proud to be a partner in the Resilient Mountain Solutions project. It works to foster biodiversity as part of a larger effort to build the resilience of human communities in mountains.

In collaboration with our long-time partner ICIMOD, we are identifying and showcasing solutions tested in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region that could be taken up by other communities in the region as well as in other mountain areas. We are now working on a book that will share examples of currently used solutions and how they have improved mountain peoples’ lives.

Managed pollination services. ICIMOD.

Managed pollination services. ICIMOD.

One solution that has already proved viable in Hindu Kush Himalayan communities is use of jholmal, a sustainable, homemade bio-fertilizer and bio-pesticide. As farmers are trained in how to produce and use jholmal, they become aware of the negative consequences of industrial fertilizers and pesticides on biodiversity. Other solutions for mountain communities – such as improved rangelands management and managed bee pollination – not only help develop economic opportunities and improve food security, but also protect ecosystems. The solutions often work best together, and each community can choose relevant solutions according to its own needs.

Nepal. Rob Barnes, GRID-Arendal.

Nepal. Rob Barnes, GRID-Arendal.

If you haven’t yet seen some of our previous work on mountain biodiversity, the series we produced back in 2014 provides a snapshot of why mountain biodiversity is so important to us all.

Make sure to follow the work of our mountain programme on GRID-Arendal's website and social media (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn)!

GRID-Arendal's Tina Schoolmeester in Møre og Romsdal.

GRID-Arendal's Tina Schoolmeester in Møre og Romsdal.


© 2025 GRID-Arendal

GRID-Arendal is a non-profit environmental communications centre. We transform environmental data into innovative, science-based information products with the aim of motivating decision makers to effect positive change.
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